‘The Arch of Fire’ is based on the Naxalite’ tactic against the Indian State. Seizing land from oppressors and redistributing it amongst the peasants has been the aim of the Naxalites since its creation. In 1967, oppressed peasants inspired by the communist movement raised their bows and arrows against the feudal landowners in Naxalbari. Naxalites, raised their upgraded, more sophisticated weapons against mining corporations and development projects which threatened to expel indigenous tribes or Adivasis from their ancestral lands in order to exploit the mineral-rich soil. The Naxalite movement as we know it today, its emergence is a result of the various fragmentations of communist ideologies in India over time. Hence, in order to comprehend the nature of Naxalism, one must first delve into its own tumultuous history. This novel received Odisha Sahitya Academy award in 1989.

Ramshankar Ray’s Bibasini (1891), believed to be the second full length novel in Odia, the first being Umesh Chandra Sarkar’s Padmamali (1888), is a novel with an intricately woven plot structure written in style that is at once descriptive, informative, and lyrical. Viewed mostly as a work of fiction delicately poised between a historical romance and a socio-political narrative, Bibasini relates to the period of Maratha hegemony over Odisha spanning from 1751 till the British occupation of the province in 1803. It holds out a panoramic view of Odisha reeling under the tyranny of the Maratha ruler Shambhuji Ganesh Rao during 1769 to 1771, and of the native resistance offered in terms of sporadic but organised assaults launched on the oppressors and collaborators by the Bhuyan dacoits acting at the instances and with the support of the king of Kujanga, Paradip.

The plot that seemingly centres round a tragic love story is actually a complex one, knitting many strands of random episodes into an attractive and coherent tale of unmerited suffering, of crime and vengeance, of sin and retribution. The novel is thronged with characters from different socio-cultural backgrounds, portraying multiple contours of Odisha, the social, cultural, economic and religious ones being the most pronounced amongst them. The novel chronicles the agrarian crisis in Odisha during the Maratha rule and the debacle of the famine that threatened to bring the peasantry of Odisha down to a state of collapse. It narrates the hardship and the misery of the common man especially those who earned their living through farming, had to pass through under the repressive measures of a tyrannous governance and the selfishness and all-devouring avarice of the moneyed local landowners or zamindars.

It is also a gripping tale of a band of burglars, motivated by a romanticised ideal of plundering the rich to sustain the poor, assuming the role of the vindicators of socio-economic equality. They declare themselves as the god’s chosen moral agents for delivering violent justice to the wrongdoers. At the same time the novel camouflages a satire on the hollow morals of a socio-cultural system that compels a Hindu widow to practice religious austerity and denies her the right of living the life of a normal woman.

The novel also details the spread of a new religious cult, Vaishnavism, in Odisha that advocated the worship of Lord Hari( Vishnu) and pleaded against a discriminatory caste system that deprived the people of the lesser caste and poor economic status of their legitimate rights. The preachings of the Vaishnava monks Hanuman Dasa and Giridhari Dasa, appears to reflect a semblance of the mystique.

Asati (original novella in Odia) was written in 1962 and published in 1966. The author was a fresh college graduate and only 21 years old when he wrote this novella; yet the same is being treated as one of the classic writings of modern Odia literature. The sensitivity of the author towards inequity and injustice is well echoed in the voices of the protagonist. The protagonist hopes for a better and just society where everyone has equal rights over life. The conflict between haves and have’nots is well reflected in the novel. The plot revolves around the conflict between an idealistic hero, his lady love and a set of wicked, selfish and rich characters. The issues and conflicts in the novella are so relevant that the story makes us hope for a better change even today. This book, in its true sense is immortal and talks about common man for more than six decades and will continue to do so. The new generation readers need to know the life, mind-set and conflict youth of the 1960s went through and their impact over what Odia society is today.